Does MHRA use footnotes or in-text citations?

MHRA uses numbered footnotes for citations. A bibliography listing all sources cited is included at the end of the document.

What disciplines use MHRA style?

MHRA is used in modern languages, linguistics, literary studies, and some history and cultural studies disciplines, particularly in UK and European universities.

Is MHRA similar to Chicago Notes and Bibliography?

Both are footnote-based styles with a bibliography, and they share some formatting conventions, but MHRA has its own rules for punctuation, author name order, and how different source types are presented.

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What is MHRA?

MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) style is a footnote-based citation style used in modern languages, literature, and related humanities disciplines in the UK and internationally. It places citations in numbered footnotes with a bibliography at the end.

MHRA FAQ

Does MHRA use footnotes or in-text citations?: MHRA uses numbered footnotes for citations. A bibliography listing all sources cited is included at the end of the document.
What disciplines use MHRA style?: MHRA is used in modern languages, linguistics, literary studies, and some history and cultural studies disciplines, particularly in UK and European universities.
Is MHRA similar to Chicago Notes and Bibliography?: Both are footnote-based styles with a bibliography, and they share some formatting conventions, but MHRA has its own rules for punctuation, author name order, and how different source types are presented.